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Any numbered reference remaining below are Allen & Holmstedt's and are the same as given earlier for the occurrence of harmine in those species. See comment earlier under harmine. Only entries with references included are specific for harmaline. Work is ongoing to eliminate any of these references that are inapplicable.


Hippophae rhamnoides
  In flowers, fruit, leaf and stembark)
      Shulgin & Shulgin 1997



Banisteriopsis argentea
  Along with several other b-carbolines, i.e. Harmine, Nb-Methyl-tetrahydroharman (Leptocladine), 5-Methoxy-tetrahydroharman , and Tetrahydroharmine (Leptaflorine)
      #116,147,148
   In leaf.
      Shulgin & Shulgin 1997.
      Ghosal & Mazumdar 1971
      Ghosal et al. 1971 reported the isolation of 21 mg from 1.8 kg of dry leaf
      Ghosal 1972a reported it present in both leaf and stem.

Banisteriopsis caapi
  Along with several other b-carbolines
      #126-141
  In stem (but not in all specimens)
      Der Marderosian et al. 1968b

Banisteriopsis inebrians
  Along with several other b-carbolines
      #142-145



Passiflora edulis Sims
  In fruit juice. (along with Harmine, Harmol, Harman.)
      Lutomski et al. 1975
      [Also cited by Hsü et al. 1981]
   (Tryptamine and N-Acetyltryptamine were reported in the leaf. Smith 1977b cited Slaytor & McFarlane 1968]
   Harman was the only b-carboline listed for this species by Allen & Holmstedt 1980
      citing Neu 1956 and Loehdefink & Kating 1974.
  Harman was also reported to be the primary alkaloid in leaf and stalks by Lutomski et al. 1975 who could not confirm either harmine or harmaline.

Passiflora incarnata   Along with several other b-carbolines i.e. Harman, Harmol, Harmalol and Harmine]
      #45?,46?,64,160-171
   In aerial parts and seeds.
      Shulgin & Shulgin 1997, page 713.



Uncaria spp.
      Shulgin & Shulgin 1997, page 713.
  [Ed.: Reference? Unable to find any supportive primary literature.] This was run as pure reference material but no report of isolation has been located. See note under harmine.



Grewia villosa
  Root
      Shulgin and Shulgin 1997, page 713.   [Ed.: Reference? Used as reference standard by Bashir et al. 1986 but not observed in the plant extract.]



Peganum harmala L.  Along with several other b-carbolines i.e. Harmol, Ruine, Harmalol, Harmine, Dihydroruine, and Tetrahydroharmine
      #96,210-234
  In aerial parts, callus tissue, fruit, leaf, stem and root. [Ed.: Seeds and root are the only parts with high concentrations.] "Suspension cultures have been successful"
      Shulgin & Shulgin 1997, page 713.
  Also reported in tobacco smoke condensate.
      Shulgin & Shulgin 1997, page 713.



  Snuff from unidentified botanical source, as prepared by Surára Indians (collected 1956), was reported to contain: Harmine, Harmaline and Tetrahydroharmine:
      Holmstedt & Lindgren 1967 [They also mentioned the report of Bernauer 1964 finding Harmine and Tetrahydroharmine in Surára snuff, also called Epéna, and the report of Biocca et al. 1964 finding Harmine, Harmaline and Tetrahydroharmine in Tucano snuff called Paricŕ.]