NTP CHEMICAL REPOSITORY
1,1,1-TRICHLOROETHANE
-IDENTIFIERS
===========
*CATALOG ID NUMBER: 000553
*CAS NUMBER: 71-55-6
*BASE CHEMICAL NAME: TRICHLOROETHANE,1,1,1-
*PRIMARY NAME: 1,1,1-TRICHLOROETHANE
*CHEMICAL FORMULA: C2H3Cl3
*STRUCTURAL FORMULA: CH3CCl3
*WLN: GXGG1
*SYNONYMS:
METHYL CHLOROFORM
METHYLTRICHLOROMETHANE
ALPHA-TRICHLOROETHANE
CHLOROETHENE
CHLOROTHENE
1,1,1-TCE
AEROTHENE TT
CHLOROETENE
CHLOROETHENE NU
CHLOROTHANE NU
CHLOROTHENE (INHIBITED)
CHLOROTHENE NU
CHLOROTHENE VG
CHLORTEN
INHIBISOL
METHYLCHLOROFORM
NCI-C04626
RCRA WASTE NUMBER U226
SOLVENT 111
STROBANE
ALPHA-T
TRI-ETHANE
UN 2831
-PHYSICAL CHEMICAL DATA
======================
*PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: LITERATURE: Clear colorless liquid
REPOSITORY: Clear colorless liquid
*MOLECULAR WEIGHT: 133.40
*SPECIFIC GRAVITY: 1.3376 @ 20/4 C [031,043,205]
*DENSITY: 1.3376 g/mL @ 20 C [421]
*MP (DEG C): -32.5 C [025,031,051]
*BP (DEG C): 74.1 C [031,043,395,421]
*SOLUBILITIES:
WATER : <1 mg/mL @ 20 C (RAD)
DMSO : >=100 mg/mL @ 20 C (RAD)
95% ETHANOL : >=100 mg/mL @ 20 C (RAD)
METHANOL : Soluble [031,043,051,395]
ACETONE : Reacts [051,269,451]
TOLUENE : Not available
OTHER SOLVENTS:
Benzene: Soluble [031,043,205,395]
Ether: Soluble [017,031,043,395]
Chloroform: Soluble [017,047]
Carbon tetrachloride: Soluble [031,043,051,395]
Carbon disulfide: Soluble [051,395]
Most organic solvents: Miscible [295,421]
*VOLATILITY:
Vapor pressure: 100 mm Hg @ 20 C [038,043,055,058]; 125 mm Hg @ 25 C [051]
Vapor density : 4.6 [051,058,371]
*FLAMMABILITY(FLASH POINT):
This chemical has a flash point of >93.3 C (>200 F) (RAD). It burns only
in excess oxygen or air if a strong source of ignition is present [421]. Fires
involving this material can be controlled with a dry chemical, carbon dioxide
or Halon extinguisher. The autoignition temperature is 537 C (998 F) [051,
451].
*UEL: 12.5% [451] LEL: 7.5% [451]
*REACTIVITY:
This chemical decomposes in the presence of chemically active metals
[102,346,395]. This includes aluminum, magnesium and their alloys [036,066,
269,421]. It will react violently with dinitrogen tetraoxide, oxygen, liquid
oxygen, sodium and sodium-potassium alloys [043,051,066,451]. It will also
react violently with acetone, zinc and nitrates [269]. It can react with
sodium hydroxide [043,051,451]. It is incompatible with strong oxidizers and
strong bases [058,102,269,346]. Mixtures with potassium or its alloys are
shock-sensitive and may explode on light impact [036,066]. This chemical can
react with an aqueous suspension of calcium hydroxide, and with chlorine in
sunlight [395]. It will attack some forms of plastics, rubber and coatings
[102]. Upon contact with hot metal or on exposure to ultraviolet radiation,
it will decompose to form irritant gases [346]. A cobalt/molybdenum-alumina
catalyst will generate a substantial exotherm on contact with its vapor at
ambient temperatures [066]. Hazardous reactions also occur with (aluminum
oxide + heavy metals) [043].
*STABILITY:
This chemical is hygroscopic [031,051,102,275]. It is oxidized by
atmospheric oxygen at high temperatures [051,395]. It is reactive to sun-
light at high altitudes [051]. Solutions of this chemical in anhydrous DMSO
or ethanol should be stable for 24 hours under normal lab conditions (RAD).
*OTHER PHYSICAL DATA:
Specific gravity: 1.3249 @ 26/4 C [430]; 1.3366 @ 25/4 C [051]
Density: 1.336 g/mL @ 25 C [395]
Freezing point: -38 C [062,102]
Vapor pressure: 60 mm Hg @ 9.5 C; 200 mm Hg @ 36.2 C [038]
Vapor pressure: 155 mm Hg @ 30 C [055]
Explosive limits also reported as 8.0% to 10.5% [051,451]
Refractive index: 1.4379 @ 20 C [017,047,205]; 1.43765 @ 21 C [430]
Chloroform-like odor [051,346,371,451]
Odor threshold: 100 ppm [371]
Sinks in water [371]
100% Volatile by volume [058]
Flammable limits: 7%-16% [102,371]
Burning rate: 2.9 mm/min [371]
Liquid surface tension: 25.4 dynes/cm @ 20 C [371]
Latent heat of vaporization: 58 cal/g [371]
Heat of combustion: 2600 cal/g [371]
Evaporation rate (butyl acetate=1): 6.0 (at 1 atmosphere and 25 C) [058]
-TOXICITY
========
*NIOSH REGISTRY NUMBER: KJ2975000
*TOXICITY: (abbreviations)
typ. dose mode specie amount units other
LC50 ihl cat 24400 mg/m3
TCLo ihl hmn 920 ppm/70M
LCLo ihl man 27 gm/m3/10M
TCLo ihl man 350 ppm
TCLo ihl man 200 ppm/4H
LC50 ihl mus 3911 ppm/2H
LC50 ihl rat 18000 ppm/4H
LD50 ipr dog 3100 mg/kg
LD50 ipr rat 3593 mg/kg
LDLo ivn dog 95 mg/kg
LD50 orl dog 750 mg/kg
LD50 orl gpg 9470 mg/kg
TDLo orl hmn 670 mg/kg
LD50 orl mus 11240 mg/kg
LD50 orl rat 10300 mg/kg
LD50 orl rbt 5660 mg/kg
LD50 scu mus 16 gm/kg
LDLo scu rbt 500 mg/kg
LDLo skn rbt 1 gm/kg
LD50 ipr mus 3636 mg/kg
*AQTX/TLM96: Not available
*SAX TOXICITY EVALUATION:
THR: Poison by intravenous route. Moderately toxic by ingestion, inhalation,
skin contact, subcutaneous and intraperitoneal routes. An experimental
teratogen. Experimental reproductive effects. Mutagenic data. A human
skin irritant. An experimental skin and severe eye irritant. Narcotic
in high concentrations. Causes a proarrhythmic activity which sensitizes
the heart to epinephrine-induced arrhythmias [043].
*CARCINOGENICITY:
Review: IARC Cancer Review: Animal Inadequate Evidence
IARC: Not classifiable as a human carcingen (Group 3) [610]
Status: NCI Carcinogenesis Bioassay (Gavage); Inadequate Studies: Male and
Female Rat, Male and Female Mouse [620]
NTP Carcinogenesis Studies; selected, January 1988
NTP Carcinogenesis Studies; test completed (reports on hold), January
1988
*MUTATION DATA:
test lowest dose | test lowest dose
----------- ----------------- | ----------- -----------------
dnr-esc 500 mg/L | otr-ham:emb 100 uL/plate
mmo-sat 10 ug/plate | otr-mus:emb 20 mg/L
mma-sat 10 ug/plate | otr-rat:emb 99 umol/L
otr-ham:kdy 562 mg/L | cyt-ham:ovr 160 mg/L
*TERATOGENICITY:
Reproductive Effects Data:
TCLo: ihl-rat 2100 ppm/6H (1-20D preg)
TDLo: orl-rat 43 mg/kg (1-22D preg/21D post)
*STANDARDS, REGULATIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS:
OSHA: Federal Register (1/19/89) and 29 CFR 1910.1000 Subpart Z
Transitional Limit: PEL-TWA 350 ppm [610]
Final Limit: PEL-TWA 350 ppm; STEL 450 ppm [610]
ACGIH: TLV-TWA 350 ppm; STEL 450 ppm [015,415,421,610]
NIOSH Criteria Document: Recommended Exposure Limit to this compound-air:
Ceiling Limit 350 ppm/15M; Action level TWA 200 ppm
[610]
NFPA Hazard Rating: Health (H): 3
Flammability (F): 1
Reactivity (R): 1
H3: Materials extremely hazardous to health but areas may be entered
with extreme care (see NFPA for details).
F1: Materials that must be preheated before ignition can occur (see NFPA
for details).
R1: Materials which are normally stable but which may become unstable at
elevated temperatures and pressures or which may react with water with
some release of energy but not violently (see NFPA for details).
*OTHER TOXICITY DATA:
Skin and Eye Irritation Data:
eye-man 450 ppm/8H
skn-rbt 5 gm/12D-I MLD
skn-rbt 20 mg/24H MOD
eye-rbt 100 mg MLD
eye-rbt 2 mg/24H SEV
Review: Toxicology Review-3
Standards and Regulations: DOT-Hazard: ORM-A; Label: None
DOT-IMO: Poison B; Label: St. Andrews Cross
Status: EPA Genetox Program 1988, Positive: Cell transform.-RLV F344 rat
embryo
EPA Genetox Program 1988, Negative: Sperm morphology-mouse
EPA Genetox Program 1988, Inconclusive: Carcinogenicity-mouse/rat;
Mammalian micronucleus
EPA TSCA Chemical Inventory, 1986
EPA TSCA 8(a) Preliminary Assessment Information, Final Rule
EPA TSCA Section 8(e) Status Report 8EHQ-0283-0471 S
EPA TSCA Section 8(e) Status Report 8EHQ-0980-0365
EPA TSCA Section 8(e) Status Report 8EHQ-0982-0457
EPA TSCA Section 8(e) Status Report 8EHQ-0979-0310
EPA TSCA Test Submission (TSCATS) Data Base, June 1988
NIOSH Current Intelligence Bulletin 27, 1978
NIOSH Analytical Methods: see Hydrocarbons, Halogenated, 1003
Meets criteria for proposed OSHA Medical Records Rule
Adult fatal dose by ingestion or inhalation is estimated to be 5 mL [301]
IDLH value: 1000 ppm [346,371]
-OTHER DATA (Regulatory)
=======================
*PROPER SHIPPING NAME (IATA): 1,1,1-Trichloroethane
*UN/ID NUMBER: UN2831
*HAZARD CLASS: 6.1 SUBSIDIARY RISK: None PACKING GROUP: III
*LABELS REQUIRED: Keep away from food
*PACKAGING: PASSENGER: PKG. INSTR.: 605, Y605 MAXIMUM QUANTITY: 60 L, 2 L
CARGO : PKG. INSTR.: 612 MAXIMUM QUANTITY: 220 L
*SPECIAL PROVISIONS: None
*USES:
This compound is used in cold-type metal cleaning, in plastic cleaning,
in vapor degreasing, as a chemical intermediate for vinylidene chloride, in
aerosols (as a vapor pressure depressant, solvent and carrier), in adhesives
(as a resin solvent) and as a lubricant carrier to inject graphite, grease
and other lubricants. It is used alone and in cutting oil formulations as a
coolant and lubricant for drilling and tapping alloy and stainless steels.
It is also used to develop printed circuit boards, in motion picture film
cleaning, in stain repellants for upholstery fabrics, in wig cleaning, in
textile processing and finishing and as a solvent in drain cleaners, shoe
polishes, spot cleaners, insecticide formulations and printing inks. It is
also used as a solvent for cleaning precision instruments.
*COMMENTS:
Inhibitors are generally added to this compound to increase its stability
[421].
-HANDLING PROCEDURES
===================
*ACUTE/CHRONIC HAZARDS:
This compound is harmful by inhalation, ingestion and skin absorption
[036,269]. It can be absorbed through the lungs, gastrointestinal tract
and skin [395]. It is an irritant of the skin, eyes, mucous membranes
and upper respiratory tract [031,036,269,371]. It may be narcotic in high
concentrations [031,036,051,058]. It may also cause slight lacrimation
[371]. When heated to decomposition it emits irritating gases and toxic
fumes of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen chloride gas, chlorine
and phosgene [058,102,269,451].
*MINIMUM PROTECTIVE CLOTHING: Not available
*RECOMMENDED GLOVE MATERIALS:
Permeation Test Results For The Neat (Undiluted) Chemical:
The permeation test results for the neat (undiluted) chemical are given
below. The breakthrough times of this chemical are given for each glove type
tested. The table is a presentation of actual test results, not specific
recommendations or suggestions. Avoid glove types which exhibit breakthrough
times of less than the anticipated task time plus an adequate safety factor.
If this chemical makes direct contact with your glove, or if a tear, puncture
or hole develops, replace them at once.
Glove Type Model Number Thickness Breakthrough Time
Neoprene Edmont 29-870 0.51 mm 15 min
PVA Edmont 25-545 0.33 mm 480 min
Viton North F-091 0.25 mm 480 min
Nitrile North LA-1426 0.38 mm 35 min
*RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR:
When working with this chemical, wear a NIOSH-approved full face
chemical cartride respirator equipped with the appropriate organic vapor
cartridges. If that is not available, a half face respirator similarly
equipped plus airtight goggles can be substituted. However, please note
that half face respirators provide a substantially lower level of protection
than do full face respirators.
*OTHER: Not available
*STORAGE PRECAUTIONS:
You should protect this chemical from exposure to light. Keep
the container tightly closed under an inert atmosphere, and store
under refrigerated temperatures.
*SPILLS AND LEAKAGE:
If you spill this chemical, FIRST REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION. Then,
use absorbent paper to pick up all liquid spill material. Your contaminated
clothing and absorbent paper should be sealed in a vapor-tight plastic bag for
eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with 60-70% ethanol
followed by washing with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the
contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has
verified that the area has been properly cleaned.
*DISPOSAL AND WASTE TREATMENT: Not available
-EMERGENCY PROCEDURES
====================
*SKIN CONTACT:
IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating
all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly
with soap and water.
If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a
physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment.
*INHALATION:
IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air.
If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in
the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to
transport the victim to a hospital.
Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown
atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA)
should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or
equal to that advised under Respirator Recommendation.
*EYE CONTACT:
First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush
victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while
simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center.
Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without
specific instructions from a physician.
IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if
no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.
*INGESTION:
DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Volatile chemicals have a high risk of being
aspirated into the victim's lungs during vomiting which increases the medical
problems.
If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of
water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control
center. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital.
If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth,
ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with
the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport
the victim to a hospital.
*SYMPTOMS:
Symptoms of exposure to this compound may include irritation of the
eyes, dizziness, incoordination, unconsciousness and death [102,346,371].
Irritation of the mucous membranes and respiratory tract may occur [269].
Fainting may also occur [295]. Other symptoms may include decreased reaction
time, impaired manual dexterity, ataxia, lightheadedness, positive Romberg
test, diarrhea, respiratory arrest and nausea [151]. It causes a proarrhyth-
mic activity which sensitizes the heart to epinephrine, resulting in cardiac
arrhythmias [043,151,301,406]. This sometimes will cause cardiac arrest,
particularly when massive amounts are inhaled [043,051,151]. Inhalation
can cause euphoria [043,051,151]. High concentrations may cause narcosis
[031,036,058,406]. Exposure can cause headache, drowsiness, burning sensa-
tion on the eyes and skin, irritation of the throat, cardiac sensitization,
aspiration of vomitus during anesthesia, blood pressure depression, chemical
pneumonitis and pulmonary edema with hemorrhage [058]. It can also cause
anesthesia, cardiac fibrillations, slight reddening of the skin, central
nervous system impairment, helplessness, loss in equilibrium and mild eye
and nasal discomfort [430]. Other symptoms are hallucinations, distorted
perceptions, motor activity changes, irritability, aggression, hypermotility
and other gastrointestinal changes [043]. Impaired judgement has been re-
ported [451]. Increased reaction time has also been reported [346]. Repeated
skin contact may result in a dry, scaly and fissured dermatitis due to its
defatting properties [346,371,421]. Prolonged skin contact may result in
considerable pain and irritation [430]. Other symptoms may include difficult
breathing, asphyxiation, slight lacrimation and slight smarting of the eyes
and respiratory system [371]. It may cause impaired psychophysiological func-
tions [051,395]. It may also cause irregular heart beat, lassitude and coma
[102]. High concentrations cause central nervous system depression [051,151,
301,346]. Hemorrhage in the brain may also result from exposure to high con-
centrations [301]. Eye contact may lead to superficial and transient injury
to the eyes [058,099]. It may also lead to mild conjunctivitis [346]. Chronic
exposure may result in liver and kidney damage [051,151,269,295]. Exposure to
and/or consumption of alcohol may increase its toxic effects [151,269].
-SOURCES
=======
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